Optical Coherence Tomography Pathologic Findings in the Vitreoretinal and Macular Interface

The vitreous body is bounded posteriorly by the retina and is adherent to it. Abnormalities in the adhesion between the vitreous and the macula, or vitreoretinal interface, are involved in the pathogenesis of several macular conditions. Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive in vivo ophthalmic imaging technique, which allows for a better understanding and improved diagnosis of disease processes that involve the vitreoretinal interface. The aim of this paper is to describe optical coherence tomography findings in vitreomacular disorders, namely epiretinal membrane, idiopathic macular hole, lamellar macular hole, and vitreomacular traction syndrome, in order to assist in the diagnosis and proper treatment of these syndromes. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel The vitreous body is bounded posteriorly by the retina and is adherent to it. It is formed by collagen fibrils that insert superficially into the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina [1]. Attachment to the ILM is facilitated by macromolecules such as laminin, fibronectin, chondroitin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans [2]. The vitreous is firmly attached to the lens capsule, retinal vessels, optic nerve, and to the macula. Abnormalities in the adhesion between the vitreous and the macula, or vitreoretinal interface, are involved in the pathogenesis of several macular conditions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive in vivo ophthalmic imaging technique. Technological advancements, including the introduction of high-resolution spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) in 2004, have allowed for a better understanding and improved diagnosis of disease processes that involve the vitreoretinal interface. Nowadays, OCT has become a valuable tool for assessment of the vitreoretinal interface. The aim of this chapter is to describe OCT findings in vitreomacular disorders, namely epiretinal membrane (ERM), idiopathic macular hole (MH), lamellar MH, and vitreomacular traction syndrome, in order to assist in the diagnosis and proper treatment of these syndromes. Coscas G, Loewenstein A, Bandello F (eds): Optical Coherence Tomography. ESASO Course Series. Basel, Karger, 2014, vol 4, pp 9–16 (DOI: 10.1159/000355863) Optical Coherence Tomography Pathologic Findings in the Vitreoretinal and Macular Interface Dafna Goldenberg · Roy Schwartz · Anat Loewenstein Tel Aviv Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University,